Significant sex differences are not observed however, a slight male predominance has been reported, whilst females showed a slightly earlier manifestation of symptoms. Although there is little epidemiological data on Type 2 narcolepsy, it is thought that people with narcolepsy without cataplexy account for 36% of all narcolepsy patients. The prevalence of Type 1 narcolepsy is between 25 and 100 per 100,000 people, and the incidence is estimated to be 0.74 per 100,000 person-years. This discovery led to the recognition of two distinct types of narcolepsy: Type 1 Narcolepsy, and Type 2 Narcolepsy. Researchers identified that narcolepsy could be caused by a severe and highly selective loss of Hypocretin neurons, which results in low levels of hypocretin in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. In 1998, two independent research groups discovered Hypocretin 1 and Hypocretin 2. In the 1980s, researchers in narcolepsy found an association with leukocyte antigen HLA-DR2, with further studies identifying an association with HLA DQB1*0602. These leukocyte antigens are found in many non-narcoleptic individuals however, their discovery in patients with narcolepsy suggested a possible genetic susceptibility for events such as autoimmune activation. The major symptoms of narcolepsy were identified as excessive sleepiness and the pathologic manifestations of REM sleep, including cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. The International Symposium on Narcolepsy in 1975 characterised narcolepsy by excessive sleepiness and sleep (particularly REM sleep)-wake cycle instability. The connection between narcolepsy and sleep onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) was demonstrated in 1960 by Vogel. More than half a century later, Daniels, in 1930, was the first to report the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis in narcolepsy. Gelineau proposed that narcolepsy could either be a primary disorder or be triggered by other pathologic conditions, the most common example at the time being neurosyphilis.
Westphal and Gelineau described the combination of severe daytime sleepiness and attacks of muscle weakness triggered by emotions, later termed 'Cataplexy'. The first unequivocal case of the disease was reported by Westphal in 1877 and subsequently called narcolepsy ("seized by somnolence") by Gelineau three years later. Cataplexy (sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone).Excessive daytime sleepiness with irresistible sleep attacks.Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep disorder characterised by a classic tetrad of: Narcolepsy is derived from the Greek words "narco," meaning numbness, or stiffness, and "lepsy," meaning fit or seizure, literally translates to mean a fit of stiffness. 8.4 Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT)ĭefinition/Description.5.3 Hypnagogic/Hypnopompic Hallucinations.5 Characteristics/Clinical Presentation.These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'cataplexy.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2021 Narcolepsy type 2, in which a person experiences general narcolepsy symptoms but does not have cataplexy. 2021 The breakthrough designation for AXS-12 being revoked was for cataplexy as a condition in narcolepsy. 2021 While some people may have multiple episodes a day, others may only experience cataplexy once or twice a year. 2021 In both cases, more exercise inversely correlated with the degree of sleepiness and frequency of cataplexy episodes experienced.
2021 People with narcolepsy type 2 may experience all the symptoms of narcolepsy except cataplexy-and their symptoms are often less severe, says the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). 2021 Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy can improve after several weeks of regularly taking sodium oxybate. Recent Examples on the Web Symptoms such as hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and cataplexy may follow, says Manjamalai Sivaraman, MD, FAASM, a sleep medicine specialist and neurologist at the University of Missouri.
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